Views: 0 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2024-08-05 Origin: Site
Discover the pros and cons of bio-based vs. petroleum-based food packaging to determine the best option for sustainability and safety in your project.
Using petroleum-based food packaging is becoming a major concern for environmental sustainability. The elevated usage of plastic for disposable food packaging is polluting our planet. Bio-based food packaging is an innovative solution to avoid the harmful impacts of petroleum-based packaging.
In this blog post, we’ll introduce you to bio-based and petroleum-based food packaging and their categories. You’ll also learn about the differences between the two types of packaging to help you pick the best one between the two. So, let’s get into it.
Bio-based food packaging is derived from organic sources, like plants, animals, algae, or marine materials. It is manufactured from renewable resources, reducing the reliance on finite sources. This type of packaging is environmentally friendly and reduces the carbon footprint.
Bio-based food packaging is made from various natural polymers derived from plants or animals. Some of these polymers are synthesized chemically, while some are extracted from biomass. Microorganisms also produce some polymers. Biopolymers are processed using a wet or dry process. Some other complementary processes are also used for preparing bio-based food packaging.
Manufacturers produce various types of bio-based food packaging by processing natural materials.
Bio-based food packaging includes bamboo, banana leaf and coconut food packaging made from head natural fibers. Recycled paper and bagasse food packaging are also popular in the market.
The other type of packaging material comprises bio-based plastic. It includes polylactic acid (PLA), bio-PET, bio-polyphenyl (bio-PE) polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polyamides, natural rubber, and cellophane.
Petroleum-based food packaging is primarily made from petrochemicals derived from crude oil or natural gas. These materials are a core part of the food industry. They are known for their durability, versatility, and capability to preserve food. This type of food packaging prevents moisture, oxygen, and other environmental factor from from spoiling your food, preserving it for a longer time.
This type of packaging material are extracted from petroleum via several stages. During the refining of crude oil and natural gas petrochemicals like ethylene, propylene, and styrene are extracted. These petrochemicals are polymerized via various chemical processes that combine monomers to create a polymer. The polymers are then melted and molded into desired shapes. Some additives are also introduced into the polymers to improve their quality.
Petroleum-based food packaging includes various polymers. Commonly used food packaging materials include polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), PET, polypropylene (PP), and polyamides (PA).
According to Biodeg, bio-based packaging materials are categorized into three categories depending on their production methods. Here is an overview of the three main categories of bio-based food packaging:
This category includes materials derived from natural resources, including plants, animals, and marine life. These include polysaccharides and proteins.
Polysaccharides are a major component of bio-based food packaging. They include starch, cellulose, and chitosan.
Starch is a widely available raw material and is suitable for industrial usage. It is derived from sources like corn, potatoes, and legumes. Starch is processed by the addition of various materials to make a thin film. It is a key component for manufacturing compostable plastic. Corn starch packaging falls into this category.
Cellulose is another natural polymer. It is a linear polymer and its regular hydroxy groups promote the formation of hydrogen bonding. It strengthens the structure. Cellulose is used to make paper or cardboard. Bamboo and wooden food packaging is typical of this type.
Chitosan, also known as chitin, is extracted from the exoskeleton of invertebrates. It creates films and is an excellent gas barrier. It is coated on other polymers to improve their gas barrier properties.
Proteins are another natural polymer for creating food packaging. It is a long-chain amino acid that is present in animals and plants. They are a suitable additive for chemical modification and preparing materials with desired properties.
Casein is a common protein, derived from milk or soy. It is used for manufacturing films that retain the freshness of food and extend its shelf life.
Gluten is another common protein, present in wheat. It produces edible films that create effective barriers to oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Keratin is a natural protein, present in feathers, nails, and hair. It is a main ingredient in preparing biodegradable plastics. It is known to provide mechanical strength and is suitable for packaging applications that require durability.
Polymers made from chemical synthesis involve the creation of bio-based plastics through polymerization.
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a common is made from lactic acid, which is produced by the fermentation process. It is known for its high potential for preparing packaging materials. Its mechanical strength makes it a suitable material for strengthening packaging materials.
Numerous biobased monomers are prepared from biobased feedstock using chemical or biochemical processes. They are prepared to attain desired properties. Castor oil, a monomer of polyurethane is utilized to prepare coatings and paints. Some marine oils are involved in preparing waterproof coatings.
Microorganisms are known to prepare various bio-based food packaging materials. It involves natural or genetically engineered microorganisms.
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are commonly metabolized sugars and other carbon sources. It is prepared by microbial fermentation. It is a thermoplastic with high crystalline properties. It is processed to prepare food packaging with various properties.
Bacterial cellulose is also a great source of food packaging. However, it is costly and is not suitable for bulk products.
Petroleum-based food packaging includes various types of plastics. Here are some commonly used Petroleum-based plastics:
Polyethylene (PE) is extensively used in food packaging. It includes low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE). They are used for packing different food items.
Polypropylene (PP) is a versatile plastic. Its strength and durability make it a suitable choice for containers, caps, and straws.
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is used for packaging liquids. The material is highly recyclable, reduces environmental impact, and promotes sustainability.
Food packaging materials are a major part of the food industry. They significantly impact our environment. Here’s an overview of the environmental impact of bio-based and petroleum-based food packaging:
According to ScienceDirect, bio-based food packaging materials are sustainable as they are derived from renewable sources. You can replenish them in a short time, making them available for further use.
In addition, they are carbon-based and are biodegradable. It significantly decreases landfill waste and pollution. Decomposers can easily degrade them, making them a part of natural cycles. It helps maintain a sustainable environment by minimizing environmental impact.
Petroleum-based food packaging materials are mainly derived from fossil fuels. RSC Publishing has claimed that petroleum-based packaging materials have a significant environmental impact. The extraction and refining process of these food packaging materials involves the destruction of habitats, water, soil, and air pollution.
These packaging materials are non-biodegradable. They contribute to long-term waste and pollution in landfills and oceans. According to Nature, about 1 to 5% of plastic is wasted and accumulated in land or marine environment.
Microplastic accumulation is another prominent issue that arises due to the usage of petroleum-based food packaging. The marine ecosystem is disturbed by these microplastics. They accumulate in the body of marine organisms and can have harmful effects on their health and the food chain.
The following are the main differences between bio-based and petroleum-based food packaging that set them apart:
The performance of food packaging is a considerable factor as it leads to retaining food. The advanced approaches are improving bio-based food packaging. Various bio-based materials are introduced that offer the same quality level as conventional packaging. However, even with the improvement, not all bio-based materials are efficient enough to retain the freshness of food products for a long time. Moisture and gas barrier properties they may be weaker than petroleum-based packaging.
In contrast, petroleum-based food packaging has exceptional performance. They act as a superior moisture, gas, and containment barrier. It retains the food's freshness and quality over an extended period. Moreover, a diverse range of petroleum-based food packaging materials are available for various applications.
The rising awareness about the harmful impacts of plastic is directing consumers towards bio-based packaging. The eco-conscious consumers are preferring bio-based packaging as they have less impact on the environment. It increases their demand. Various brands are incorporating this type of packaging to appeal to their customers. However, they have limited moisture, gas, and contaminant resistance. It limits their usage to certain food products.
On the other hand, petroleum-based food packaging provides superior usability. Their durability and resistance to contaminants and moisture make them the best choice for storing all types of food items.
Both bio-based and petroleum-based food packaging meet safety standards. Bio-based packaging is safer as they do not have any harmful chemicals. However, their limited resistance to environmental factors can’t keep the food safe for a longer time.
In contrast, petroleum-based food packaging is highly resistant to moisture and contaminants. It makes them a suitable choice for keeping the food usable for a long period. However, they might contain some harmful chemicals. These chemicals can affect your food if not used timely.
We have prepared an article on disposable tableware and food safety, which are inextricably linked to food packaging.
Bio-based food packaging materials are biodegradable. They decompose naturally in the environment, reducing long-term waste.
In contrast, most of the petroleum-based food packaging materials are non-biodegradable. They invade lands and aquatic bodies, polluting them.
Choosing between bio-based and petroleum-based food packaging is a crucial decision.
1. Bio-based packaging is an advanced approach. The lack of processing equipment and production materials makes it an expensive choice. In contrast, petroleum-based packaging materials have established production processes. They benefit from economies of scale, significantly reducing the cost. The prominent price difference makes petroleum-based food packaging an affordable choice if you have a limited budget.
2. The performance and usability of the material also impact the food's freshness and shelf life. Bio-based food packaging is sustainable and prevents food from spoiling. However, they do not have the same level of performance as petroleum-based packaging. If you need exceptional preservation, petroleum-based packaging is a better choice.
3. Environmental impact is a considerable aspect of choosing the right packaging. Bio-based packaging promotes a sustainable environment. It offers a lower carbon footprint. On the other hand, petroleum-based packaging is non-biodegradable have a high carbon footprint. So, if you are looking for eco-friendly packaging, you should go with bio-based materials.
Food packaging is an extensive market and is undergoing notable changes. The increasing awareness about the environment and the impact of packaging waste is driving consumers and companies to seek more sustainable options. According to a report by Mordor Intelligence, the European bioplastic market will have a volume of 0.88 Million tons in 2024. It is expected to reach 1.70 Million tons by 2029.
Precedence Research shares a report showing the rising bio-based packaging market size. The global bio-based packaging market size is valued at $10.03 billion in 2024. It is expected to become $25.86 billion by 2032.
1. What is the best packaging for food products?
The best types of food packaging materials for food products include plastics, cardboard, resealable pouches, and metal.
2. Why are bioplastics better than petroleum-based plastics?
Bioplastics are biodegradable and have a low carbon footprint. They also produce less pollution, making it an eco-friendly choice.
3. Which type of food packaging is best for the environment?
Bio-based food packaging is best for the environment as it is compostable. They degrade easily without leaving any harmful substance.
The choice between bio-based and petroleum-based food packaging requires a balance between environmental responsibility and applicability. Bio-based food packaging offers an environmentally friendly alternative to petroleum-based packaging. However, some challenges such as cost, durability, and scalability remain hurdles for widespread application. On the other hand, petroleum-based food packaging is affordable and has better usability.
Technological advancements and research are striving to make bio-based packaging more affordable and applicable. Sumkoka is a leading brand that develops bio-based food packaging. Its bio-based products are contributing to creating an eco-friendly environment. So, explore bio-based food packaging and make the Earth clean.
Various brands have started offering bio-based food packaging. However, having a reliable supplier is necessary to get high-quality packaging. Sumkoka has ten years of experience in providing bio-based food packaging. Our bagasse products are biodegradable and safe to use. Contact us to get the best quality bio-based food packaging and make your brand more appealing.
